PA was calculated separately for each hour of wear time from 8:00 to 22:00. Mean counts per minute were classified as sedentary, light, and moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA), and bouts of MVPA were calculated. Seven-day PA was measured on children/adolescents with HD (n = 34 median age 12.4 y 61.8% male 70.6% single ventricle, 17.7% heart failure, and 11.8% pulmonary hypertension) and controls without HD (n = 22 median age 12.3 y 59.1% male). To quantify the differences in daily physical activity (PA) patterns, intensity-specific volumes, and PA bouts in youth with and without heart disease (HD). The optimal strategy, timing and format of physical activity intervention programmes in children and adolescents with CHD are discussed. This article discusses how and why increasing physical activity in youth with CHD may offer immediate and long-term cardiovascular benefits, the barriers to achieving sufficient physical activity levels and the evidence from trials on physical activity promotion in youth with CHD. As CHD patients age, they become prone to a large range of cardiovascular complications. Furthermore, we discuss some of the challenges that need to be addressed by further research regarding the optimal strategy, timing and format of physical activity intervention programmes in children and adolescents with CHD.Ĭongenital heart disease (CHD) affects nearly 1% of births, with the majority of individuals with CHD now living into adulthood due to improved survival. In this article, we review how increasing physical activity in youth with CHD may offer immediate and long-term cardiovascular benefits, what is known about physical activity in children with CHD, describe the unique factors that contribute to achieving sufficient and insufficient physical activity levels and summarize the evidence of trials on physical activity promotion in youth with CHD. Well-established physical activity consensus statements for youth with CHD have now been published. Promotion of a healthy and active lifestyle from childhood onwards has been suggested as a sustainable and effective strategy to enhance cardiovascular health, improve quality of life and reduce immediate and long-term risk in people with CHD. As these patients age, they become prone to a large range of complications, such as chronic heart failure and acquired cardiovascular disease.
As survival rates have dramatically improved, the majority of individuals with CHD now live into adulthood.
Methodological knowledge and guidelines are provided for improved assessment of physical activity using accelerometers in clinical research.Ĭongenital heart disease (CHD) affects nearly 1% of births. Methodological variation and limitations in the assessment of physical activity largely explain the divergent results and the inability to establish differences in physical activity between children with CHD of different severity and compared to healthy controls. Neither subjective methods nor accelerometer-based studies reported any difference in physical activity in general, in relation to the severity of the heart disease. When compared to healthy controls, the results were widely divergent in the subjectively assessed measures and the accelerometer-based studies showed a tendency of no difference in physical activity.
The patients generally failed to meet the recommendations of physical activity. To compile a literature overview of physical activity in children with CHD and to critically evaluate the methodology used for physical activity assessment.Ī review of the literature was performed using PubMed to identify studies examining accelerometer and subjectively assessed physical activity in children and adolescents with CHD.Ī total of 15 studies were included (6 studies using subjective measures and 9 articles using accelerometers for the assessment of physical activity).
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